A Dream for a Better World

In recent decades, crimes reported have been increasing year by year, especially juvenile crime in America. Crime is a serious problem in the society and it has greatly posed threat on social security as well as harmony. Apart from various social factors, crime commitment is also closely related with criminals’ psychology which is considered abnormal in certain period, at least in some people’s mind. Although the developed society could offer abundant substances to people, their spirit and soul have gradually become empty, which finally can result in crimes. Many juveniles are therefore induced to commit crimes due to adults’ enticement, intimidation and threats, their own curiosity, family violence and other factors. In the past 10 years, terrible shooting in schools were not rare. In March 1998, two boys aged 11 and 13 from Arkansas sounded the fire alarm of their school. As teachers and students escaped, they shot the crowed people. In April 1999, two students in Corolla shot 12 students as well as a teacher and finally committed suicide. In January 2002, a student from Virginia killed the dean of his law school, a professor and a student after he was expelled from the university. In October 2002, a student with unsatisfactory grades killed three professors and then killed himself due to retaliation. In March 2005, a 15-year-old high school student not only killed his teachers and schoolmates but also murdered his grandfather and himself as well. In September 2006, a student from Wisconsin shot the president of his school.
The starting examples mentioned above can fully reflect young people’s psychological problems. In recent years, as people have assume more and more employment pressure, the divorce rate is increasing and more courses have been offered to students, juvenile crimes, bad behavior, leaving home without any wish to return, mental diseases and playing truant have become common social problems. As for the phenomenon, the government, schools and parents should assume the responsibility. According to the conclusion from NASP, one school psychologist should be offered to 1000 students for solving mental problems. Psychological diagnosis is a kind of complicated process for solving problems and the aim is to find out the crux of problems and take effective measures. As a psychologist, he ought to contact students with mental problems first. Then he should also know archives of students and communicate with teachers and parents as well. At last, the psychologist should carefully select testing tools and methods to eliminate students’ mental problems. The actual treatment process is much more complicated than described above. It is no doubt that psychologists can greatly help students come out of trouble. In fact, students with healthy mood is more important. To some extent, when a student needs psychologists’ help, it is a little late. If students are led by proper education, they can avoid mental problems. Students’ growth is closely related with schools, families as well as the social environment so it is not reasonable to completely contribute their mental problems to one of the three factors. Anyhow, schools, parents and the government ought to try their best to provide healthier living environment to young people.

When it comes to donation, people generally think about rich people, poor people as well as philanthropy at once. Indeed, donation is closely related with the rich, the poor and philanthropy. As one of those countries which are famous for the most developed philanthropy, America has possessed more than 1.4 million non-profit charitable organizations, let alone those for profit. Those large and small charitable organizations, in name of religious groups, or in forms of foundation and fund-raising organization, have been distributed in every corner of various communities of America. Certainly, every American is supporting the existence and development of those charitable organizations. Some people ever said that a stingy American might only give his best friend a wedding present valued 50 dollars but he could donate 500 dollars to charitable organizations. It is just a joke but it fully reflects American people’s attitude towards philanthropy. The modern philanthropy is the major mark by which individuals and enterprises are able to improve their political and social status, especially in America. It is not an exaggeration that most Americans today are participants or beneficiaries of philanthropy. Charitable organizations provide various forms of help to people. They offer free lunch to rovers and retired old people. They give money and articles for daily use to households in poverty. They provide scholarships as well as grants to poor students. They give legal aid to people in financial trouble. They also set up shelters to help orphans, homeless people and battered women. In a word, those charitable organizations have done too much for the disadvantaged minority in the society.
From what has been mentioned above, we can see that donation and philanthropy are related with weak and poor people and what they have done is worth great compliments. However, philanthropy should have broader contents and extension. As we all know, pollution has been an urgent and serious problem on the earth and proper solutions are quite important. In such circumstance, people are encouraged to invent new technology and equipment to solve the existing problems, for example, the solar panel battery is a kind of great invention which could reduce pollution. Scientific research always needs some investment. Therefore, if inventors could obtain enough capital thus making successful invention, people all over the world are the beneficiaries. So isn’t such kind of donation, to some extent, more meaningful?
As for philanthropy, people will never ignore Bill Gates, a great philanthropist in the world. The major donation from Bill Gates has flowed into many developing countries which need advanced and new technology. It is no doubt that the giant of Software has far sight. The good news is that many charitable organizations in America, have started to pay more and more attention to new technology and public welfare cause donation ranging from diseases treatment, education, scientific research to public media. Donation for creational activities which are favorable to human beings can always get more beneficial effects. Of course, reasonable distribution of capital of charitable organizations is also very important.

When it comes to yellow pages industry in America, many people know that it has more than 120 years’ history in the country. In the past years, yellow pages meant phone books which were made of printed yellow paper. In recent decades, yellow pages has more comprehensive contents, covering from telecommunication, advertisements, publication, printing, network to information. In a word, yellow pages has become a kind of comprehensive information media. As for the vector of yellow pages, it can be classified into various types such as paper, network, voice, message, WAP, map, TV and multimedia etc. Due to the diversification of the vector, yellow pages has also undergone some changes. At first, it just provided landline phone numbers. Gradually, it also provides comprehensive information service, for example, it could offer mobile phone numbers as well as various key words inquiry. At present, the publication mode of yellow pages is implemented by presentation, which has directly resulted in people’s consumption behavior and won high degree of recognition from the society. Yellow pages are considered as “the six media” following newspaper, broadcast, TV, magazine and internet because of great publication, coverage as well as long period of storage. All in all, yellow pages has become a kind of industry in America.
According to some data, the yellow pages increased by 4% on average around the year 2002 and the advertisement avenue of it took up more than 7% of the total avenue of all kinds of media. In several years, people could even obtain advertisement avenue of yellow pages up to 100 billion dollars. Yellow pages ever brought great profit to the telecommunication industry. It is said that there were two essential books in hotels of America and they were Bible and yellow pages. In the year 2004, the advertisement avenue of yellow pages all over the world was up to 260 billion dollars and Americans benefited more than half. Yellow pages became the model of success in media industry. It is worth mentioning that since the year 1997, increase rate of avenue of American yellow pages started to go down. In 2003, the increase rate was no more than 3%. The phenomenon proved that yellow pages industry had entered into the mature stage and the market had reached saturation point.
Although yellow pages has ever played an important role in American people’s life and it has also made great contributions to the development of the country, it is suffering from fierce competition from its digital counterparts. Nowadays, from print yellow pages to internet yellow pages, they are continuing to bleed dollars to their digital counterparts. Factors like an acceleration of the print “fade rate” and the looming recession will contribute to the onslaught. In 2008, one research firm predicts that the falloff in usage of newspapers and print yellow pages could even reach 10%, much higher than 2% to 3% fade rate seen in past years. Actually, the fact was more severe. As the technology is developing faster and faster, the global market will be more and more occupied by digital products and Yellow pages’ future can not make people optimistic.

As the former Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill from U.K talked about reconstruction of Europe after the Second World War, he ever expressed a saying, equal to that there is no investment which is more important than providing milk to children. Indeed, many experts also hold the idea that milk is the most useful food that is good to human beings’ health bestowed by the nature. Milk of 400ml could meet people’s need for protein, energy as well as calcium in a day. Therefore, nearly all Americans have the awareness to drink milk every day. Since the year 1943, the government has adapted relative legislation for a special purpose of allocating funds for students’ milk. In 1950s, people living in America were encouraged to drink milk at breakfast, lunch and supper. Nowadays, dairy products have been one of the major food in American households. According to some statistics, the per capita consumption of milk is about 300kg every year in U.S.A and an American drinks 0.83kg milk every day on average. So it is no wonder that most Americans look very strong and healthy.
Since milk is very important for Americans, milkmen who are closely related with milk can not be ignored. However, those milkmen have been in fact ignored to some extent nowadays. According to the U.S department of Agriculture, in 1950, over half the milk delivered was to the home in quart bottles, by the year 1963, it was about a third and by 2001, it represented only 0.4% percent. Nowadays, most milk is sold through markets in gallon jugs. The stead decline in home-delivery is blamed, of course, on the rise of market, better home registration and long-lasting milk. Although some milkmen still make rounds in pockets of the U.S, they are certainly a dying breed.
In counters for milk in various markets of America, kinds of dairy products can be easily found, mainly divided into three categories including ordinary milk, reduced fat milk and skimmed milk. In the past, there were not so many kinds of milk. In addition, when the milkmen sent milk to households, milk could not be stored in frozen state all the time. As the milk was put under normal atmospheric temperature at least 7 or 8 hours, bacterium contained in the milk would reproduce in a large number. So when the milkmen sent milk to households, the milk was not fresh any more. On the contrary, milk in supermarkets is always kept in frozen state. From the time when buyers buy milk in supermarkets to when they reach homes, the milk they have bought is still fresh. By comparison, it is no doubt that people prefer to choose milk sold in supermarkets. In addition, milk sold in supermarkets is clearly marked with various components. In such case, consumers could easily select what they need according to individual demand. Obesity is a serious problem in the country so reduced fat milk is the most popular. Milkmen could send milk to people’s houses but men nowadays pay much more attention to health and safety.

Chicago Tarum River, located in west part of Java Island of Indonesia, originates from the mountainous area at the south part of Bandung and inflows into Java River. Chicago River is an important river in Indonesia with the length of 272km. The river provides water for irrigation as well as drinking water for local people. Before 1980s, the water in Chicago River was great and the scenery nearby was also very beautiful. Fishermen caught fish in the river and farmers obtained water from the river for irrigation. In addition, tourists also enjoyed themselves so much as to forget to go home. However, in recent decades, a large amount of industrial pollutants as well as daily waste have been discharged into the river which has been considered as the dirtiest river in the world by media. The surface of Chicago River is completely covered by various rubbish. If there is no boat on the river, it is likely for people to think it as a waste yard. People living along the bank can not fish in the river any more because there is no fish at all. Instead, they start to become scavengers. If they are lucky, they can get some rubbish valued 2 to 4 dollars. Since 1980s, the industry of the region has developed so fast and most factories are textile mills. At the same time, the population has also increased. At present, as Chicago River has been blocked, the hydropower plant nearby does not work normally. Local government is trying to clean the river but it is not an easy job. The current scenery of Chicago River is beyond many people’s imagination if they are allowed to describe the dirtiness.
Yamuna River is another river which is also seriously polluted. Ymuna River is the longest tributary of Ganges River with length of 1380km. The river originates from a glacier of northwest part of India. The river flows through Delhi and connects with Agra water way. Near to Mathura, the river also flows through Agra, Firozabad and Etawah. At the south bank of Yamuna River, some tributaries flow into the river such as Chambal River, Sindh River, Betwa River and Ken River etc. Yamuna River converges Ganges River near to Allahabad. However, pollution has badly affected the fertile river. 57% rubbish from New Delhi has been discharged into the river. From the year 1993 to 2005, the pollution increased by two times and the puffer has suffered from extinction. According to some official report, 75% to 80% pollutants in Yamuna River are daily waste. It is said that more than 30 billion liters of waste water which is discharged into the river every day by people living in New Delhi. Some scientists have got some water from the river as sample for test. As a result, the quantity of bacteria is 3000 times of that contained in safe and clean water. At present, the local government are taking measures to solve the problem and let’s wait and see what will happen.

The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the largest coral reef organism in the world. It is commonly considered that those reefs and islands are consisted of rocks. Actually, it comes into being because of a large amount of corals tracing to ancient times. Corals can bring much convenience to human beings. People can live on corals which can be used for building houses and they also play an important role in exploiting oil underground. However, corals have died of “black illness” and “albinism” in a large number since the end of the 20th century due to human unreasonable activities and warming globe.
The Great Barrier Reef, located along Queensland coast in Australia is the largest coral reef organism in the world. It extends about 1430 miles along the east coast in Australia. The acreage of National Marine Park around the Great Barrier Reef is up to 128960 square miles with the similar size as that of Japan. Great Barrier Reef not only provides habitat for millions of fishes, whales, sea birds, sea turtles etc but also for dolphin.
In recent years, the Great Barrier Reef has suffered from damaging. More than 12% corals on the land are protected in the world but less than 1% corals in the sea are under protection. In1970s, when the Great Barrier Reef Park was set up, people thought that fishes and other marine creatures were inexhaustible and they could decompose waste from mainland. But the fact showed the opposite side. At the end of the 20th century, the Great Barrier Reef crisis appeared and fishes, corals were on the edge of extinction. Waters near to the sea was also terribly contaminated. Corals are seriously suffered from overfishing, pollutants, pesticide, warming globe etc. More than 11% corals in the world have been destroyed and 20% are destroyed terribly and scientists have estimated that 32% more corals will disappear in the next 30 years.
“Black illness” and “albinism” are the two main causes for corals death. In many regions of the world, daily pollutants are discharged into the sea without any purification steps and scientists have found that some microbial from human body would bring illness to corals. Such microbial would cause dysentery only when they exist in children’s body with a large number. But when they mix with other microbes, they would do great harm to corals. Scientists also have found that “black illness” is caused by the reaction among various bacteria. As for “albinism”, it is also cause by bacterium from people’s body though it cannot damage people’s health and life. Since 1990s, more and more coral illnesses have been found because of increasing pollutants and warming globe.
Some researchers have said that if Australian government cannot take pressures to protect the Great Barrier Reef, it would be extinct in future. At present, the government tries to seek for solutions to coral protection and it forbids economic development on 1/3 area of the National Marine Park and such provision would help the Great Barrier Reef become the largest marine protected area.

In ordinary people’s mind, hacker is very mysterious and they are young people who are very cute and energetic. They can crack various passwords to intrude computer systems of government, enterprises and individuals. So what is the meaning of hacker? Hacker comes from the word “hack” and among the school slangs of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “hacker” was considered as trick with skillful methods in early times. At that time, the word “hacker” did not contain derogatory sense. People generally consider that hacker came from the laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1950s and hackers are energetic and keen on solving difficulties. In 1960s and 1970s, the word “hacker” contains complimentary sense and hackers meant those people who abided by laws and put all hearts to computer research. They were heroes for computer technology development. Password cracking, trapdoor, backdoor and Trojan gorse etc are worked out at that time. In 1960s, computer was not very popular but in 1980s and 1990s, computer started to play an important role in the society and there was more and more large database. At the same time, information was also grasped by a small number of people. Therefore, hackers thought it was not equal because they thought that information should be shared by all people. Then they started to pay attention to various databases. In such case, their behavior was also restricted by related laws.
As for hackers, people nowadays always think that they are bad men who steal privacy of others. Actually, an excellent hacker will not steal others’ information at random. But people still have the awareness to prevent the refraction from some hackers. At present, hackers mainly have the following methods to get others’ information. First, they obtain the password of others and the method is the most harmful among all methods. They can get the passwords of those account s with low safety within some seconds. Second, they make use of Trojan gorse to intrude others’ computers and the virus pretends as tool program or game. When users follow the steps, the virus starts to work. Hackers then can get all information of users’ computers and control computers. Third, hackers make use of “www” technology to cheat users. When users browse some websites or pages which have been revised by hackers, hackers can easily achieve their goals. Fourth, hackers send thousands of emails to users with counterfeit IP addresses or pretend as the administrator and send email to users to ask them change passwords then they can send users virus at the same time. However, if users are very careful, they can avoid the cheating. Fifth, hackers use some monitoring tools to intrude users’ computers such as Netxray for windows95/98/nt, sniffit for linux and solaries etc which can easily get users’ information of account and password. Sixth, many systems have various bugs which always attach to operation system or software so it is very easy for hackers’ invasion. There are some other methods for hackers’ invasion and they always look for more advanced ways.
As users, we should not dislike all hackers because some of them are good people. Meanwhile, we have to learn how to protect our computers and prevent some hackers’ intruding.

Hexi Corridor, located in northwest part of Gansu, is called “Northwest Granary” and it is also an important part of the Silk Road. Since the ancient times, Hexi Corridor is the main passage and stragetic site to western regions. Hexi Corridor is rich in water and grass with abundant resources. In addition, Hexi Corridor is adjacent to Qilian Mountains which can offer enough water for irrigation. Therefore, if the ecosystem in Qilian Mountain is destroyed, the environment of Hexi Corridor will also be badly affected.
Qilian Mountain is considered as the lifeline for Hexi Corridor and more than 450,000 people live on the mountain which provides enough irrigation for local people. When summer comes, a vast area of rape flowers next to Qilian Mountain are very beautiful against the mountain. After years’ management, the region has become the largest production site for rape flowers all over the country. However, those rape flowers have depleted much water of the region. An official in China have said that in recent years, the snow line of Qilian Mountain had risen up and the glacier had also decreased. According to the latest report from Bureau of Meteorology in Gansu province, compared with the quantity of melt water in 1970s, the quantity of melt water has decreased 10 billion cubic meters. The snow line of Qilian Mountain has also increased by 2m to 6.5m every year on average. In some parts, the snow line has even increased by 12.5m to 22.5m every year on average. Some experts have said that most glacier in Qilian Mountain will disappear within 200 years. If the snow of Qilian Mountain melts, people living in Hexi Corridor will suffer from terrible water shortage.
At present, Hexi Corridor, with the length up to 1200km, is covered by g
Gobi and desert, the so-called golden section of Silk Road has been seriously destroyed. In east and west part of Hexi Corridor, the ecosystem is very terrible. In east part, a county called Minqin is surrounded by two large deserts and a vast area of woods and farmland have been abandoned because of water shortage. Some land has become the part of desert. In the county, 94.5% land has become the desert. In west part, wetland of the last green barrier in Dunhuang suffers from desertification at 4m every year due to gradual water shortage. In addition, three main rivers in Hexi Corridor also encounter the problem of ecological degradation and much vegetation has been destroyed.
Actually, ecosystem degradation in Hexi Corridor occurs due to two reasons. Firstly, climate change has caused bad results for the environment. In recent 50 years, the temperature in the region has increased 1.4℃ on average. In fact, the increasing speed is much faster then that of other regions in northern hemisphere. Consequently, the snow line has risen too much and increasing temperature also accelerates evaporation and desertification in the region. Secondly, large population has destroyed the ecosystem. The population started to increase rapidly since Qing dynasty and more people mean means more exploration to the environment. In addition, more water would be consumed. As for environmental protection in Hexi Corridor, the government are taking pressures but we can not be optimistic at present.