A Dream for a Better World

Organ donation refers that a natural person agrees to donate all parts or some parts of his body to medical science cause after death and as a natural person who has not agreed to donate his body when he was alive dies, his linear relatives donate all parts or some parts of his body to medical science cause. Organ transplant was human beings’ dream before the 20th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, people still felt quite helpless before patients who suffered from organic crock-up. In 1950s, doctors all over the world started human body test one after another but they could not obtain satisfactory results. Until CsA was invented, organ transplant has got great progress.
When it comes to organ transplant development in the world, it is no doubt that America takes the leading position. Even so, the number of organ donors is much less than that of patients who need healthy organs. Anyhow, the country has accumulated much experience and established perfect laws in organic donation management. In America, everyone can be the donor for organ donation no matter how old he is or where he comes from. In addition, apart from body tissues, people can also donate heart, kidney, liver ,lung and pancreas etc. According to American laws, organ donors ought to tell family members their will and they have to fill the organic donation card which must be carried by the owner all the time. In U.S.A, organ trade is forbidden by laws. In the year 2005, there were about 14,492 organ donors in the country. By 17th October 2009, 104,485 patients were waiting for organs donated by others. As for those who are lucky to obtain organs offered by others, they do not know who have saved them but they are grateful from the bottom heart.
By comparison, China far lags behind America in organ donation cause. According to some statistics, only 130 organ donors from the mainland of China have donated their organs after death from the year 2003 to May of 2009. As a professor has revealed that there are about 11,000 patients who need organ transplant operation every year. Obviously, organ supply is in serious shortage. Although China possesses advanced technology in organ transplant in the world, laws and regulations for organ donation are imperfect. In addition, China is a country paying much attention to social ethics and people generally think that dead people should be buried completely. Therefore, people in many places do not agree organ donation after death. Organ donation is a kind of behavior on the basis of willing without payment. In such case, some people do not want to donate organs because of non-payment. In addition, many Chinese people only focus themselves and are indifferent to others in the society. To some extent, it is not an exaggeration that a large number Chinese people are lack of gratitude, which is a tragedy in the society. Every one belongs to the society where he or she can grow up in healthy way. Naturally, all people have the obligation to repay the society with a indebted heart.

As HD DVD products have come into people’s life, the prelude of HD age starts. However, it is said that it takes many years to make those products popular and wide spreading. According to the latest report in the year 2006 from Nielsen Media Research, in the field of equipment for American families’ entertainment, SD DVD just surpassed the traditional VCR and the holding rates of the device in the country were 81.2% and 79.2% respectively during the third quarter. The history of VCR could be traced back to half a century ago, the year of 1956. At that time, the first VCR named Ampex VRX-1000 was put into the market, valued 50,000 dollars which was very high price. The price was even higher than that of the house on average. Until ten years later, more and various device of VCR came into people’s sight. From 1970s to 1980s, as a great battle between Betamax and VHS, VCR started to be popular in people’s life. In the past three decades, the VCR was a best-seller as well as staple in every American household. In September 1996, the standard of DVD was accomplished and the first DVD was also displayed to public quite soon. But three years later, in 1999, the market share of DVD was just about 6.7% while VCR took up 88.6% of the total market share. The transfer from VCR to DVD finally finished ten years later, that is the year of 2006.
When talking about VCR, people should not ignore a pattern related to it in the same age and that is VHS. VHS was developed by JVC in 1976. Compared with Betamax, VHS could record video up to 2 hors while Betamax could just provide 1 hour video. In 1985, JVC made some improvement and invented VHS HQ. In 1987, the company again offered Super VHS. Since then, Betamax started to be in trouble and finally, VHS obtained the dominant position in the market. However, as DVD appeared and VCR was hard hit, VHS also lost the market.
Although DVD has nearly replaced with VCR, it is also suffering from being given up by human beings if another more advanced device comes into being. A company for market survey expresses that as cable and satellite companies always recommend their products to people, it is estimated that half American families will possess DVR within 5 years. The company said that about 55 million households, taking 47% of all families in America, had DVR in 2010. In addition, about 74 million households have HDTV in 2010. In addition, a institute for market research named Kagan Research says that the newly-make BD and HD DVD will surpass the DVD at present. But the transfer would complete in 2012 at least. Obviously, DVD can still take up great market share within a certain period.
As the science and technology develop so fast, changes and improvements of electronics could even occur day by day. Now is still the DVD age but another age will come soon. Like VCR, DVD will also be come people’s memory.

Incandescent bulbs have accompanied human being for generations and generations. As more and more advanced technology has been adopting in the modern world, incandescent bulbs will come out of people’s sight gradually. In fact, incandescent bulbs have been prohibited for use in several developed countries. As for the history of incandescent bulbs, it has to be traced to the 19th century. At the late half of the 19th century, people started to use incandescent bulbs of which people heat the filament in vacuum by electricity. In the year 1879, Edison invented carbon filament incandescent bulb and first sent light by electricity to thousands of households. In 1907, Justin de created drawn tungsten wire and made tungsten wire incandescent bulb. In 1915, people filled incandescent bulbs with the mixture of argon and nitrogen. In 1935, Mr. Claude from Germany refilled incandescent bulbs with krypton as well as xenon to further improve the luminous efficiency. In 1959, people in America, on the basis of incandescent bulbs, invented halogen with small volume as well as tiny lumen. In 1980s, people could produce 8000 pieces of incandescent bulbs per hour and the quality was also controlled and supervised by computers.
Although incandescent bulbs have time-honored history during the period of human beings development, the fact has proved that incandescent bulbs have the lowest efficiency among all kinds of lighting tools. Only 12% to 18% of electricity energy of incandescent bulbs consuming can be conversed into light energy and the rest has dispersed in form of heating energy. In addition, the lifespan of usage of incandescent bulbs is usually no more than 1000 hours while halogen could be used longer. Nowadays, as technology develops so fast and new high-tech lighting tools have come to the market one after another, for example, LED has been considered as the fourth generation of lighting or green lighting, several developed countries have stopped incandescent bulbs use.
Some years ago, 60-watt to 100-watt incandescent bulb was the mainstay of thousands of American households. The Compact Fluorescent Light bulb reports that 2007 sales for Energy Star CFLs nearly doubled from the previous year, and these sales accounted for about 20% of the American light bulb market. However, from January in 2012 to January of 2014, most incandescent bulbs are forbidden selling in the U.S market. Energy Independence and Security Act in 2007 stipulated that from January of 2012 to January in 2014, America would eliminate the usage of incandescent bulbs of 40 watts, 60 watts, 75 watts and 100 watts gradually. In stead, energy-saving light bulbs will be put into use. In other words, incandescent bulbs in America will disappear in near future. Besides U.S, several other countries have also taken measures to restrict incandescent bulbs use. In Australia, incandescent bulbs were stopped production in 2009 and in 2010, traditional incandescent bulbs are forbidden use. In Canada, by the year 2012, incandescent bulbs will have been prohibited for selling. Japan also decides to stop incandescent bulbs production in 2012. Anyhow, disappearance of incandescent bulbs, to some extent, reflects the social development as well as awareness improvement of environmental protection.

In ordinary people’s mind, hacker is very mysterious and they are young people who are very cute and energetic. They can crack various passwords to intrude computer systems of government, enterprises and individuals. So what is the meaning of hacker? Hacker comes from the word “hack” and among the school slangs of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “hacker” was considered as trick with skillful methods in early times. At that time, the word “hacker” did not contain derogatory sense. People generally consider that hacker came from the laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1950s and hackers are energetic and keen on solving difficulties. In 1960s and 1970s, the word “hacker” contains complimentary sense and hackers meant those people who abided by laws and put all hearts to computer research. They were heroes for computer technology development. Password cracking, trapdoor, backdoor and Trojan gorse etc are worked out at that time. In 1960s, computer was not very popular but in 1980s and 1990s, computer started to play an important role in the society and there was more and more large database. At the same time, information was also grasped by a small number of people. Therefore, hackers thought it was not equal because they thought that information should be shared by all people. Then they started to pay attention to various databases. In such case, their behavior was also restricted by related laws.
As for hackers, people nowadays always think that they are bad men who steal privacy of others. Actually, an excellent hacker will not steal others’ information at random. But people still have the awareness to prevent the refraction from some hackers. At present, hackers mainly have the following methods to get others’ information. First, they obtain the password of others and the method is the most harmful among all methods. They can get the passwords of those account s with low safety within some seconds. Second, they make use of Trojan gorse to intrude others’ computers and the virus pretends as tool program or game. When users follow the steps, the virus starts to work. Hackers then can get all information of users’ computers and control computers. Third, hackers make use of “www” technology to cheat users. When users browse some websites or pages which have been revised by hackers, hackers can easily achieve their goals. Fourth, hackers send thousands of emails to users with counterfeit IP addresses or pretend as the administrator and send email to users to ask them change passwords then they can send users virus at the same time. However, if users are very careful, they can avoid the cheating. Fifth, hackers use some monitoring tools to intrude users’ computers such as Netxray for windows95/98/nt, sniffit for linux and solaries etc which can easily get users’ information of account and password. Sixth, many systems have various bugs which always attach to operation system or software so it is very easy for hackers’ invasion. There are some other methods for hackers’ invasion and they always look for more advanced ways.
As users, we should not dislike all hackers because some of them are good people. Meanwhile, we have to learn how to protect our computers and prevent some hackers’ intruding.